Nephron Technology for Lube Oil

Nephron technology makes a difference Engr Maliha Maisha Rahman Bannichi Enterprise limited lit ReviewTBN In short, a TBN (total base number) measures the amount of fighting(a) e keen-sightedate left in a sample of inunct color. The TBN of a workoutd crude anele prat aid the user in determining how much hold back additive the vegetable petroleum has left to neutralize acids. The unkepter the TBN interlingual rendition, the less active additive the vegetable cover colour color has left. Oils function is to lubricate, clean, and cool the engine. Additives be added to the inunct to enhance those functions. Viscosity Technically, viscousness is defined as confrontation to flow.Commonly though, we think of it as an oils thickness. To be more specific, it is the thickness of an oil at a given temporary workererature. The viscosity of an oil could be reported at any temperature, just now to standardize things, well-nigh laboratories report either a low temp (100F o r 40C) or a high temp (210F or 100C) and stick with either SUS or cSt. The standardized temperature training allows us to compare apples to apples for judging the thickness of the oil. Single set out Multi Grade Viscosity at present since most gas- or diesel engine-engine manufacturers urge multi-grades.At operating temperature, a immediately weight performs only if as well as a multi-viscosity oil, and there is nothing wrong with apply a straight weight. Its just a simpler form of oil. Some diesel fleets still use straight weights, as do about half the piston aircraft operators. The difference mingled with multi-grade and straight-weight oil is simply the addition of a viscosity improving (VI) additive. The most crude grade of self-propelled oil in use today is the 5W/30, which is a mineral oil refined with VI additives that leave it reading as an SAE 5W viscosity when frigidity, yet an SAE 30W when hot (210F).The advantage to the multi-weight is that when starting the engine, the multi-viscosity oil (with its thickness of an SAE 5W when cold), allows the engine to spin over more easily. The most common diesel use oil is 15W/40. It is an SAE 15W oil with a VI additive that leaves it the thickness of an SAE 40 weight at operating temperature. What makes an oil a diesel-use oil (rather than automotive-use) is the level of additives used. Diesels require heavier levels of dispersant and anti-wear additives. These heavier additive levels are objectionable for automotive engines since they whitethorn interfere with the emission controls andated by the EPA. Need To Choose the proper(a) Viscosity We are seeing that trend for newer engines, for which the recommended grade is getting increasingly lighter. The common 10W/30 has become a 5W/30, and some manufacturers even recommend 5W/20 oil. On the other hand, we toleratet see (in oil analysis) where it hurts anything to run heavier 10W/30s or even 10W/40s in modern automotive engines. The heavier oils pr ovide more bang film, and thats important at the lower end. If your oil is too light, the boot metals cigaret addition. If the oil is too heavy, the upper end metals can increase.The trick is to check the right viscosity for your particular engine, which is why we suggest following the manufacturers recommendation. Changes in Viscosity/Adding additives? Then the Result Comes Adding anything foreign to your oil can wobble its viscosity. Some types of after-market oil additives cause a quite high viscosity at operating temperature. While an additive might improve bearing wear, it can ofttimes cause poorer upper-end wear. We dont recommend any type of after-market additives. otherwise modifys to viscosity can result from contamination of the oil.Moisture and fuel can both cause the viscosity to increase or decrease, depending on the contaminant and how keen-sighted it has been present in the oil. Anti spareze often increases an oils viscosity. Exposure to excessive waken (lea ving the oil in use too long, engine overheating) can to a fault increase viscosity. When your oils viscosity comes back as either lower or high than the Should Be range, something is ca apply it. If the high/low viscosity is hurting wear, the hear is to find out what it is and repair your engine or adjust your impulsive habits accordingly, to correct the viscosity and optimize your engines efficiency.If you decide to use a antithetic viscosity oil than what the manufacturer recommends, you might want to use oil analysis while you are experimenting. Your wear data doesnt lie. People sell oils and additives may be sincere, but they dont have to live with the results. They simply grinning a lot on the way to the bank. MoistureProblems industrial oils run cold compared to other (such as automotive-use) oils, and they tend to accumulate wet. The moisture comes from humidity in the air, or in some cases, its directly introduced to the oil from coolants and related clays.Moisture affects the lubricity of the oil, decrease its effectiveness. Moisture in the oil can cause a diversity of problems, such as poorly running hydraulic rams, utensil sizing, and chatter. some other negative effect of moisture in oil is acidity. Oil, by its molecular(a) nature, cannot become an acid. But there is always a little moisture present in oils operating at relatively cool temperatures, and that moisture can turn acidic. vinegarishs in a machines oil sump pass on corrosively attack internal parts not only the metallic parts, but the seals as well. Corroded valves become ineffective.Many headaches in a machines operation can be directly attributed to oil condition. Though oils do not resolve to the pH footrace, there is a neutralization test called Total Acid Number (TAN) that can easily spot oil that is become problematic. AbrasionProblems Industrial oil becomes abrasive from wear metals, abrasive dirt, and particle contamination. The most drab result of abrasive oil is the detrimental effect it has on seals. gondola seals are lubricated by the agreements oil, and they impart last a long time if the oils are maintained effectively.If they are not maintained properly, the seals will degrade and cause leakage. Leaking machines require pans under them, which need to be vacuumed regularly, and the use oils pose a disposal problem. Fresh oil is purchased needlessly, running up maintenance costs. Machines that leak oil also run the risk of be run low on oil and having improper oils used as replacement. All these expensive problems can be eliminated by keeping machine oils in serviceable condition. WhatAboutFilteringOil? Many industrial operations hire filtration companies to slaver insolubles and abrasive contaminants from their oil.Some plants operate their own filtration equipment. Filtering oil thats currently in use is a good idea, and it helps companies avoid needlessly purchasing virgin oil products, but it has limits. Oil that is sifted too many times can apprehend damaged additives. If the additives are damaged, the oil cant function effectively the oil loses lubricity and becomes oxidized. in that location is a point at which the additives either need to be restored or the oil needs to be replaced, and oil analysis is useful in determining this point. It can also help to rate the effectiveness of a companys filtration program.Not all wear metals and abrasive contaminants can be tense uped out of the oil they tend to accumulate and eventually reach levels that leave the oil unserviceable. A test known as the ISO Cleanliness Code (also called a Particle believe) can be used to rate the cleanliness of an oil sample. This test also shows the effectiveness of the machines in-line oil filtration. Insolubles test The insolubles test measures the total insoluble materials in an oil sample, that is, all solid or liquid materials that are not soluble (wont mix) in oil.Virgin oil shouldnt have any insoluble materials i n it. When it occasionally does, the most we normally find is a trace level. The insolubles in virgin oil are from the normal oxidation process of the oil, which leaves free carbon in suspension when oxygen forms with hydrogen (oil is a hydrocarbon). The insolubles test is a centrifuge method. A measured volume of oil is motley with a heated solvent, agitated, and spun at high speed. Insoluble materials collect at the bottom of a tapered glass tube and can thus be quantified.The insolubles test is a fair measure of how fast the oil is oxidizing and receiving contaminants, and how effectively the systems oil filtration is functioning. Industrial oil normally contains very low insolubles due to the few and relatively mild heat cycles the oil experiences (heat cycles whet the oils normal tendency to oxidize). Further, oil filtration on industrial machines may filter particles as small as 2 to 10 microns, keeping the oil pristine for a very long time, often years. Automotive and airc raft oils however, permit the most difficult environmental problems of all types of oils we analyze.They regularly receive blow-by products from the conflagration process. They suffer extreme heat cycles. Any contaminant in the oil will accelerate the oxidation process, causing insoluble materials to increase. Engine oil needs to be changed regularly due to all of the above. Excessive insolubles can form in an engine oil if the oil is running hot, is receiving more than a normal amount of contamination, is suffering more (or more severe) heat cycles than is normal, is being run longer than a typical use cycle, or, on the other side of the coin, if oil filtration is marginal or relatively ineffective.If we shew no contamination in your oil and your change intervals are normal, we often mention a problem at oil filtration as a possible cause of higher insolubles. Insolubles may be forming because your oil change interval is too long for the condition of the engine. Your oil filter may be inferior. It is possible the oil filter bypass valve has relived if the filter is becoming restricted. The filter system bypass may also open upon unusually cold starts when the oil is too thick to pass through the filter media. Once the bypass relieves, the filter is effectively out of the system.Fig insoluble pentane and tolueneReport of E16(without using uriniferous tubule system) and E-45 (with our nephron system)Figure working procedure of nephronMarine Engineering thesis- 30000 hours lubricating oil continued using experimentEngine specification, graphs video display fill oil change and viscosity, Tables showing wear and tear ratio. Engine Specification Engine model 8N21AL-EV role Vertical water-cooled 4-cycle diesel engine Number of cylinder 8 Cylinder bore x stroke mm 210 x 290 Total displacement lit. 80. 36 Continuous rated return kW(PS) 1300 (1768) Engine speed min-l 900 1000 root capacity kWe 1200 Combustion system Direct injection Starting syste m Air-motor starting Engine model 6N21AL-EV Type Vertical water-cooled 4-cycle diesel engine Number of cylinder 6 Cylinder bore x stroke mm 210 x 290 Total displacement lit. 60. 27 Continuous rated output kW(PS) 970 (1319) Engine speed min-l 900 1000 Generator capacity kWe 900 Combustion system Direct injection Starting system Air-motor starting Conclusion The nephron system cleans the impurities in the LO at almost the same time that they appear, continually cleaning and maintaining the oil. This is the main reason why this system was selected for this experiment. Those particles of the lube oil that do deteriorate via oxidation are so small when using the filtration system of the nephron system that they can be disregarded. The particles of lube oil that is confused when using lube oil are those that are oxidized, evaporated or destroyed by high temperature.In other words, the ratio of molecules with large molecular weight grows as time passes us ing the lube oil. This is because the molecules which are small are more susceptible to heat and are therefore lost more easily. The oil begins to resemble the properties of the high grade naturally occurring lube oil in such location as bright stock. The literal burning proof load of this oil is approximately 25% break off than that of new oil. For these reasons it is natural to use nephron system. The more time upshot it gets more viscous.