Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers

Eating Disorders are extremely prevalent in todays society. AnorexiaNervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are characterized by gross disturbances in have behavior. These disorders typically begin in adolescence orearly adult life, affecting as many as "1 in 100 females between theages of 12 and 18 (Bronwell & type Aere Foreyt 312)."Anorexia Nervosa is a complex disorder where the individaul refuses tomaintain body exercising weight over a normal weight for age and height. Alsopresent, is an intent fer of gaining weight or becoming fat (Waller,Quinton, & Watson 127). People of this disorder say they "feel fat"even though they are obviously skinny or even emaciated. Theybecome preoccupied with their body size and are usually dissatisfiedwith some feature of their physical apperarance (Bronwell & Foreyt322). Weight loss is accomplished by a reduction of food intake. Self-induced vomiting or use of laxatives or diuretics are also commonmethods used to carry out weight l oss. Many people with this disorderminimize the severity of their illness and are uninterested in, orresistant, to any type of therapy (Waller, Quinton, & Watson 152).Severe weight loss may eventually lead to hospitalization to preventdeath by starvation.Bulimia Nervosa is a disorder in which the individual has recurrentepisodes of drunken revelry eating. Self-induced vomiting usually terminates thebinge (Browwell & Forey 335). Vomiting decreases the physical abdominalpain that occurs after an individual binges. Although binges may bepleasurble, self-criticism and a depressed whim often follow. Peoplewith this disorder exhibit great concern about their weight and makerepeated attempts to control it by dieting, vomiting, or the use ofdiuretics (Bronwell & Forey 342). Weight fluctuations are common due toalternating fasts and binges. These people often feel that their lifeis dominated by conflicts surrounding eating.The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) is a reliable and valid measure ofsymptoms commonly found in an eating disorder. The test was designed byGarner and Garfinkle in 1979. It was designed as a screening device forthe detection of clinical eating disorders (Boyadjieva & Steinhausen1996). Many clinicians have suggested that eating disorders are causedby extreme body focus. The EAT-26 is a xxvi item test whichfocuses on body self-evaluati... ... likely to gain internal control by disturbedeating patterns. Once again, the EAT-26 was given to 406 girls whoattended sxhools in England. As a result, the Asian girls had moreunhealthy eating patterns overall. Parental overprotection showed asignificant effect upon the results. Ethical differences did remainsignificant (McCourt & Waller 1995). Poor eating attitudes are also aproduct of the contradicting social pressures that affect the wholefamily. Asian girls found their capture to be overcontroling, thus itwas the mother who attempted to control the childrens behavior. It isnot yet known whe ther these perceptions are correlated with reality.However, the likely influences may be used during family therapy(McCourt & Waller 1995).Eating disorders are prevelant in many different kinds of cultures.There are many internal and external factors that play into thedisorder. The EAT-26 is a reliable test used in detecting possibledisordered eating patterns in individuals. With this disorder on therise, these tests are needed in the detection of the unhealthypatterns. Detection leads to education, which leads to intervention,which leads to eventual termination.

Smart Phones Essay -- Technology, iPhone

Abstract Apples iPhone initiated the popularization of smart phones in 2007. Smart phones and similar mobile computing devices have led to an new surge in mobile data usage which is a double edged sword as it gen periodtes more revenue for carriers, however the rapidly increase number of devices and the way they operate, most wireless networks today are heavily congested which reduces the Quality-of-Service and will have detrimental effects in the long electioneering if not curbed swiftly. This paper examines the effects smart phones have had on wireless cellular networks, their cause and what strategies will mitigate these adverse effects.I.INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATIONIn the past few years, the mobile communications industry has seen an explosive growth of mobile data 1. This phenomenon can be attri thoed to the Apple iPhone which when released in 2007 ushered in the era of smart phones and other mobile computing devices. Even though smart phones did exist before the iPhone, it wa s the Apple iPhone which truly brought smart phones to the masses. This was followed closely by Google Android, inkpad computers such as the iPad and other developments in the mobile communications industry which paved the way for smart phones to become a substantial share of worldwide mobile handset sales. One key development which also led to the rise of smart phones was the development of high data rates standards such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and Evolution Data-Optimized (EV-DO). Smart phones are able to provide users with a wide variety of features which usually require sedate data transfer such as video calls, high-quality video streaming, location- based data services and other content delivery services. These features led to the p... ...etwork to the maximum without causation network management issues.iv.The future network should be designed to support only data communication where the voice communication will be make over VoIP. An only data design would simp lify the design of this network by significantly reducing the number of processes and eliminating circuit switching parameters. It should have an modern air-interface coupled with a scalable backhaul network to deal with increasing mobile data.VI.CONCLUSIONThis paper analyzed the impact of smart phones on wireless cellular carriers. The cause and effects on carriers as well as possible mitigation strategies were explored. Network congestion is the immediate challenge facing cellular carrier, but the mobile industry as a whole faces numerous challenges ahead. The paper also discussed some of features that future networks might include.

Multiple Sclerosis :: essays research papers

The name itself is revealing multiple, more than one, and sclerosis, which refers to areas of sclerotic ( pockred) tissue. Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the white matter of the primeval nervous system.These areas of sclerosis, also referred to as lesions or plaques, occur in the white matter of the interchange nervous system. Gray matter consists primarily of nerve cells. Axons (nerve fibers) are the connections between the cell body and the muscles, sensory organs, and primary organs such as the heart. These nerve cells are the communication system both within the central nervous system and between it and the rest of the body. Axons are sheathed in myelin, a white substance (hence the term "white matter") that insulates them and speeds transmission of impulses along the cell fibers. Electrical impulses move along the nerve fiber to the synapse (the connection point between cells) to the next nerve cell.The lesions or plaques of multiple sclerosis are areas of tissue damage arising from inflammation, which occurs when white blood cells and fluid accumulate around blood vessels. This inflammation causes destruction of myelin. After the fragments are cleared away, a scar is formed--the lesion--in the area of demyelinization. The cause-and-effect abut of inflammation and demyelinization is unclear. These lesions impede conduction of signals by blocking or slowing communication, either completely or partially and from time to time. The process can be thought of as similar to an electrical short circuit. The symptoms of multiple sclerosis result from that loss or diminution of signal conduction.MS is the just about common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. In the United States alone, there are at least 250,000 cases. For reasons that remain unclear, it is more prevalent in blue temperate zones and affects noticeably more women than men. The average age of onset is thirty years.Research into the underlying causes a nd processes of MS is ongoing, and in recent years, advances in virology and immunology have rapidly increase knowledge and understanding of the disease. However, its etiology remains unclear. Epidemiological studies indicate that an environmental factor, perhaps exposure to a virus, when combined with a genetic predisposition to the disease, whitethorn well control occurrence of the disease. MS is not a genetically transmitted disease. MS may also be or involve a defect of some kind in the bodys autoimmune system--some part of the body may, in effect, attack itself.Diagnosis of MS is difficult.

The Basis of Medical Practice Essay -- Health, The Birthmark, Hawthorn

Overall, medical practice is performed when mendeleviums identify health concerns, including diseases, mental disorders, and physical injuries, and provide a treatment for their patients in order to properly cure them of their maladies. The appropriate basis for medical practice is a combination of physicians knowledge acquired from scientific question and education, and ethical considerations regarding the wellbeing of patients. Additionally, if no scientific support is available, patients must rely on intuition and experience in order to make a proper diagnosis. On the whole, science plays a major role in the realm of music, as it is the founding for the creation of new treatments and education. Science is defined as research intemperately based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice (Kuhn 70). The aspect of scientific research is importa nt because as more diseases and medical conditions become recognized, scientists need to discover possible cures and develop medicine in order for physicians to treat their patients. For example, in A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness, neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran recounts how patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy, also known as RSD, were research subjects in a scientific experiment to discover if there was a way to cure their unremitting pain (17). As a result of this experiment, a new and effective treatment for those in chronic pain was determined once it was discovered that the patients pain went away completely and mobility returned to limbs when mirrors were utilized (18). Through science, the effect to how physicians may prescribe a trea... ...per medical treatment. V.S. Ramachandran states that randomized, controlled trial research do not make clinical decisions for physicians rather, they must be applied to individual patients and clinical situations based on val ue judgments, both by physicians and patients. Clinical decision-making must entail value judgments about the costs and benefits of available treatments (91). A patient canister practice medicine by deciding whether a certain treatment option is right for him or her. For example, an individual might choose to take medicament instead of having surgery because of monetary costs, or decide which prescription drug to take based on the potential side effects. Overall, though a physician may advise an individual on a certain treatment to cure him or her of a medical concern, it is ultimately the patients decision on whether or not to carry it out.

Twelve Angry Men - Juror 3 Essay -- essays research papers

12 Angry Men - Juror3In a crowded jury room in d accepttown New York, opinions collide as discussion about the innocence of a young boy is decided. The dark and foreboding storm clouds that hang everywhere the heads of the jurors are beginning to lift as time progresses and new facts are presented. One juror is not happy about this stay of execution and is retentivity fast his opinion of guilty. Juror three, the president of his business, refuses to alter his vote or opinion in any way. Still haunted by his own son, juror three verbally assaults the group with a forceful tone and a taciturn attitude. One of twelve, Reginald Rose created them all from the same pen and ink, and they could all be no more different. Juror three is angry, bitter man who has spent his entire life forcing his opinions unto others, and has most likely succeeded in this endeavor. As head of his own company, he isnt he used to the resistence he is getting from the group. To help his arguments, he uses the phrase know what I mean at the end of roughly everything he says, siteting any juror with an opposing argument in an awkward position. As the play wears on and his reliable witnesses were called into question, and more speculation was put upon the table, he begins to become more forceful in his arguments, raising his voice much more often than usual. He firmly believes in the guilt of the accused, no matter what the other jurors say or do. There are ...

Twelve Angry Men - Juror 3 Essay -- essays research papers

12 Angry Men - Juror3In a crowded jury room in downtown New York, opinions collide as discussion about the innocence of a young boy is decided. The nighted and foreboding storm clouds that hang over the heads of the jurors are beginning to lift as time progresses and new facts are presented. One juror is not beaming about this stay of execution and is holding fast his opinion of guilty. Juror three, the president of his business, refuses to alter his vote or opinion in any way. yet haunted by his own son, juror three verb all toldy assaults the group with a forceful tone and a taciturn attitude. One of twelve, Reginald Rose created them all from the same pen and ink, and they could all be no more different. Juror three is angry, bitter man who has spent his entire life forcing his opinions unto others, and has most in all probability succeeded in this endeavor. As head of his own company, he isnt he used to the resistence he is getting from the group. To help his arguments, he u ses the phrase know what I mean at the end of almost everything he says, putting any juror with an opposing argument in an awkward position. As the play wears on and his reliable witnesses were called into question, and more speculation was put upon the table, he begins to become more forceful in his arguments, raising his voice much more often than usual. He firmly believes in the guilt of the accused, no matter what the other jurors say or do. There are ...

Teachers of Today †Who They Are and What They Need to Know

Assignment 2 Paper Teachers of Today who they atomic number 18 and what they deficiency to know Word count (2,382) Final Word count (2,264) INTRODUCTION Exciting, and rewarding are just some characteristics that explain teaching. Overcoming anxiety and nerves in the first year is our greatest challenge. Moving into the classroom for the first time quite a little be a daunting and challenging experience for everyone. You are requisite to immediately equip four years of knowledge into your teaching and classroom focal point. While this may seem to be a difficult time, it leave altogether get easier. there are galore(postnominal) rewards with creation a teacher, however it is important to none that it is not a role to be taken mildly it is a difficult role to fill. As teachers, we command to understand that every child forget learn differently. No matter their culture, gender or socioeconomic status, so as teachers you have to encourage and have a level field in your classrooms. You have to know how to reach each student. As teachers you quest after to let the students know that they dont have to follow the stereotyped roles of society.The teachers of 2010 and beyond will face many challenges that we are currently unaware of. What we post do to prepare for those challenges is look at where things may be headed in terms of technology and population and cultural diversity. PROFESSIONALISM & TECHNOLOGY A professional doesnt view his or her profession as a just a job, but rather sees it as a calling that is all about care for children Kramer, 2003, p. 23 As an independent Australian Comics publisher (and short film producer), professionalism is what helps us stand out from the crowd.Look and presentation is vital,we have to stick to respective(a) guidelines depending on your audience and where we are showcasing,all this commands some seriousdecision making and when dealing with multiple artists juggling some serious egos Developing and mai ntaining relationships with former(a) artists is imperative for us to continue to grow, and is justas important to the relationship of student and teacher. We pick out to financial support up to date with market, mediaand consumer trendsjust as two students and teachers essential withsyllabus and curriculum nd indeed those same market, media and consumer trends. Change and adaption is incrediblyimportant as well, because withoutityou laughingstocktmove forward or stay fresh. To be a professional teacher you backsidet be a dictator,butmore of greatartistwhose success isdrawn from the love of the craft,nurturing the medium and understanding what the terminal masterpiece is meant to convey. In 2010 and beyond, our classrooms will transform into more of a technological teaching and learning environment. There are many new ways students can research randomness they need through resources such as the Internet.Teaching has alike been altered, with the use of interactive whiteboard s. To fulfil a professional role as a teacher, there are many different aspects to consider and behaviours to demonstrate. As role-models, these will pave the way for the students to become more professional themselves. It is important for a teacher to relate to each student in a professional manner. There are many ways to tutor students through advancements in technology such as the Internet, thus expanding the opportunities to be passed on to a new generation.Teachers should always teach with passion and a burning desire to touch patrol wagon and change lives. Remember its not just a job its an honour. MOTIVATION and TEACHING STRATEGIES The description of motivation and the descriptions of the many various differing hypothetic explanations for them are as follows The process of motivation itself is exactly put starting towards a address and keeping on the path until you achieve the goal. (Eggen and Kauchak 2010). An individual may well have different ideas in mind when achi eving heir goals whether they are moved by an extrinsic motivation (ie the need to get there simply as a means to an end) or intrinsic motivation (doing it for the love of the subject) the results are the same and both methods are valid. Admittedly, if you enjoy a subject it will give you more value as it will your teacher/s, but striving for that end result regardless will be an achievement. There are various theories of motivation, which shall be dealt with below. Through various cognitive theories, we know people really need to understand the world and their experiences to make sense of them and their place in that world.They can be as follows Need for Self-Determination this is where an individual feels the need to act on and control their environment to understand it to have choices and to decide what they deficiency to do. Praise, offers of help and other emotional factors can in addition be a part of self-determination. Need for Autonomy here the individual feels the nee d to not scarcely act on their environment, but to alter it to their way of thinking so that they can relate to it and learn more effectively.Need for Relatedness this is where an individual feels the need for companionable connection and approval to facilitate their learning. Indeed, this factor is quite important as it fulfils the desire for approval and positive judging. Need to Preserve Self-Worth simply put this is the need to feel important whether this is in a family group, friends, employment or any other social aspect if we feel intelligent and important then(prenominal) our skill to learn likewise grows. Belief about future outlets This is a very personal part of learning and unique to each individual.The ability to guesstimate what the outcome of a project will be based upon your bear knowledge of your capabilities will greatly influence your learning skills the more you think you can, you will (Little locomotive engine That Could Watty Piper 1930) Beliefs ab out Intelligence the belief that you can or can NOT do a task will have a capacious psychological fix upon your learning abilities. This can also be influenced by outside positive and negative feedback from others. Unless you are rock-solid positive you can do something disdain negative criticism, that very criticism can undermine your belief in your own intelligence.The challenge is to find motivators for each and every student and use these to engage them in their learning and learning. In terms of teaching and learning, motivation is the engagement that students have in their studies, and the efforts that they make to achieve their goals. Motivation can be cleave into two types, refer to Table 1. 1. Understanding student motivation is vital to the development of effective teaching strategies and necessary to discover different approaches to motivation and how these impact classroom decisions. pic (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010) Table 1. 1 Types of Motivation The behaviourist appr oach suggests that a student will gain a reward, either extrinsic or intrinsic, then the individual will be motivated to complete the task so as to receive it. From this we can determine that reward systems within the classroom can be used to increase student motivation, however Eggen and Kauchak (2010) stress that extrinsic rewards should be used to increase intrinsic motivation so as to boost learner independence.As teaching moves forward into 2010 and beyond, behaviourism is amongst the many learning theories in practice that is essential to good teaching. With diverse backgrounds and environmental factors, watching for the get hold of and inappropriate key behaviours in students is a complicated process in assuring desired behaviour is maintained. The cognitive approach suggests teachers should model how to claim debt instrument for their success and failures, and should acknowledge that with additional effort past failures can be used as a learning tool.The Individuals Memor y Stores play an important role, which contains the receptive memory to capture stimuli, working memory, phonological loop for words and sounds, and our visual-spatial sketch pad for our visual and spatial surroundings. All these various processes are active when we learn, and are fascinating examples of how the human mind operates. The humanist approach to motivation is dominated by the belief that all individuals have a number of needs that must be fulfilled (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010). These needs are categorised in Maslows Hierarchy of Needs outlined in figure 2. . The hierarchy suggests that if any of the get level needs are not met then it is not possible for higher order ones to be fulfilled. Teachers must understand that these needs will not always be fulfilled within the home environment and various programs can be established to aid students when the home environment fails. pic (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010) Figure 2. 2 Maslowss Hierarch of Needs We must also remember that an i ntegral aspect of motivation lies in aiming towards a particular achievement, or goal. A goal is an outcome that an individual is striving to achieve.Goals can be divided into four different types, see table 3. 3. pic (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010) Table 3. 3 Types of Goals Classical conditioning is hitherto another form of learning that occurs when an individual produces an involuntary emotional or physiological response, similar to instinct or reflex (Pavlov, 1927). Figure 4. 4 (below) outlines the concepts in greater detail. pic (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010) Figure 4. 4 Classical Conditioning Operant conditioning is where a response changes in frequency or duration as a result of a consequence (Skinner, 1953).This can be presented through either positive or negative reinforcement or through the presentation or removal of a punishment and shaping (Premack, 1965). Operant Conditioning can have a negative impact if used incorrectly, which can result in students not feeling safe, stressed and anxious about their environment. Constructivist Learning Theory is a theory that seems like common sense when you think about it, stating that learners develop their own knowledge of topics they study as opposed to simply recording that information. Piaget 1952/ Vygotsky 1978). There are two primary perspectives for Constructivism Cognitive Constructivism focuses on internal spin of knowledge. Social Constructivism focuses on constructing knowledge socially before internalising. Cognitive Apprenticeships is a process designed to places less able learners with more able ones to assist in developing their abilities. Peer-to-peer assistance provides many characteristics that assist learners through a new teaching experience.Some of these are modelling (watching demonstrations), scaffolding (being asked questions to prompt their learning), verbalisation (expressing their beliefs), change magnitude complexity (which does what the name implies) and exploration (finding new ways t o use knowledge). This tool allows teachers to monitor other less able students, knowing that appropriate peer-to-peer learning is being undertaken with other less able students. The learning process of students will be influenced by many factors as you can see above.As they do, we need to keep a watchful eye on how they unfold. The challenge of teachers in 2010 and beyond is to find these motivators for each and every student and use them to engage them in education and learning. In the end, when teachers effectively motivate students their interest will increase along with their ability to learn. COMMITMENT and CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT When committing to creating a productive learning environment, the developmental stage of students should be considered.High-school students have different capabilities of primary-school students, so their classroom activities need to be more challenging (Eggen and Kauchak, 2010). Younger students are more responsive to concrete examples, while older s tudents are capable of understanding theories and complex situations. If computer software is to be used in the classroom, it should be tailored to those stages of development. Younger students would require simple interfaces, less challenging problems, frequent feedback and recognition of achievement.Classroom management will also determine how effective the teaching is. Part of effective management is setting rules and procedures, and following them throughout the entire study period. The selection of topics attracts several issues. For the most part, teachers will be following a curriculum, but will privilege to place emphasis on particular sections of this framework. Their own personal knowledge and commitment, as well as the information that they deem important and useful, contributes to the various topics. There is also a need to plan how these topics will be delivered.Traditional instruction using lectures provides little interaction and feedback, so other strategies need to be looked at and implemented. The author Tony saucyton intends to try and maintain a level of control using humour in much the same way his own third grade teachers did when he was young. Keeping in mind all the various technologies and ground rules that have to be in place, as well as students abilities and social interaction, (Maximizing the Time and Opportunity for Learning Eggen and Kauchak, 2010 pg 355) a classroom MUST be organised, arranged appropriately and personal.For Mr. Newtons own class, he also firmly believe if kids have fun, they will learn more. Then we have Ability Grouping, being the practice of sorting students into groups of similar intelligence/ learning capabilities. We need to remember that if we begin segregating students early on, then those who are quicker cannot scaffold or mentor the slower ones up to speed. Social ramifications here are also dangerous where those smarter think they may be better than their less able peers and friendships can then al so suffer.Tolerance and assistance must be courtly to prevent these prejudices from booming out of proportion in later life. CONCLUSION The theories of learning and teaching covered above provide useful background information for new teachers entering the workforce. Situations that we encounter will be unique, though it is always beneficial to be prepared and plan for the journey ahead. Reviewing literature and applying some of these techniques can assist with understanding how people learn, different teaching methods, and the factors to consider when building a classroom.Moving forward into 2010, teachers are advised to consider these theories and incorporate many different levels of educational tools, through appropriate modes, that assist in developing the students learning construction. Although we do not know what classrooms will be like in the future, this is something that we actually determine ourselves. When we are first starting out, we will need to create our own style a nd approach, making up our own rules. Although teachers are evaluate to give instruction, it is still a learning experience.Thankfully there are a lot of resources at our disposal. Remember to keep improving our teaching craft, and we will be able to adapt to the demands of classrooms in 2010 and beyond. Reference List Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations on Thought and Action A Social Cognitive Theory. Upper level River, New Jersey Prentice Hall. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy The exercise of control. New York Freeman. Borko, H. , and Putnam R. (1996). Handbook of educational psychology. Macmillan united States of America. Eggen, P. , and Kauchak, D. (2010).Educational Psychology Windows On Classrooms (8th ed. ). In H. Gardner, and S. Moran, The Science of Multiple Intelligences Theory. United States of America Pearson International. Mayer, R. , (2002). Teaching of subject matter. Annual review of psychology,55, 715-744. Pavlov,I. P. (1927). Conditioned Reflexes translated by G V Anrep. Oxford University Press, London, England. Piaget, J. (1977). Problems in quilibration. In M. Appel, and L. Goldberg, Topics in cognitive development Vol. 1. Equilibration Theory, research, and application. New York Plenum Press. Premack, D. 1965). Reinforcement theory. In D. Levine (Ed. ), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 13, pp. 3-41). Lincoln University of Nebraska Press. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York. Macmillan. Woolfolk, A. , and Margetts,K. (2007). Educational psychology. Sydney, Australia Pearson Education Australia. Vinesh Chandra and Darrell L. Fisher (2009). Students Perceptions of a amalgamate Web-Based Learning. Environment. Learning Environ Res. Vygotsky, L. (1978). Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA MIT Press. The Little Engine That Could Watty Piper 1930

Dove: evolution of a brand Essay

The labor of this case study, written by John Deighton, is to highlight and explain the subverter brand evolution strategy at the basis of the extraordinary Unilevers Dove results, achieved in 2007. Overview Masterbrands as part of the Path to Grow strategy Unilever is a leading multinational familiarity active in the food, home and personal care sectors. It has been developing globally during the years, creating several of the most self-made brands of the world.Its expansion allowed a geographical diversification but also brought some problems of controls especially the brand portfolio had grown in an unstructured way and required a diversify of course. Indeed, in February 2000 Unilever began the so called Path to process, a five-year strategic activity which included the reshaping and the reorganization of the brand portfolio. More precisely, the company planned to reduce its more than 1,600 brands to four hundred and, among them, select a small number of Masterbrands responsi ble for creating a clear and global identity to be divided with the range of products, included under separately Masterbrand name.In this broad strategy it is situated the outstanding evolution of one of the survived brands, Dove, which was selected to become the Masterbrand for Unilever personal care products, beyond the mantrap bar category and including bull care products, deodorants, body lotions etc. Dove Masterbrand strategy development Dove, until February 2000, had always been orienting to meet its costumers needs, providing them products, with a scientifically proven functional superiority. As a logical consequence, its advertisements had always been centered in promoting the cited higher functionality, preferring natural-looking women rather than fashion model icon in dictate to communicate honesty and authenticity.But a marketing strategy to build a unique Masterbrand identity could no longer be based on functional superiority, as explained by Deighton it should mak e a meaning for Dove, as a Masterbrand, to be applied to all its products. Pursuing the best way to develop the proper image, the management had to slightly change the approach to the promotion. Elements such as client need, scientific research, the employment of natural-looking women and honesty and authenticity survived as central looks, but they were reassembled and combined other than to accomplish the mentioned goal.The scientific research was no longer used to prove product functionality but, it was the starting point of the new strategy a worldwide investigating led by the global brand director for Dove, Silvia Lagnado, and interpreted with the help of two experts, revealed that women generally perceived aesthetic canons, typically illustrated in the advertisements, as very distant and unreachable. It was found out that most of the women didnt mirror themselves in the advertised concept of sweetheart and a further survey showed that further the 2% of the interviewed descr ibed themselves as beautiful. Dove experts recognized a cultural issue the beauty-related belief of average women and the advertised beauty werent matching.The misalignment generated frustration in women and, as a relevant consequence for Dove, negatively affected the sales of health and care products. So, aware of women dissatisfaction, of their personality, of their need to feel beautiful and keeping in mind Dove internal goals, the management gave life to the revolutionary strategy and decided that Dove should charter stood for a point of view. The management decided that natural-looking women would have had a key role in the fight, but with a different responsibility instead of promoting Doves products they would have promoted their average beauty, with honesty and authenticity. The unravel for Real Beauty was setup and ready to be implemented. The Aim(s) of the campaignBorn from the simply idea of creating a common and clear image to be shared with the Dove Masterbrand prod ucts, The campaign for Real Beauty has been then developed and changed as it went forward, pursuing further goals and, at the end, revealing itself somewhat different. As a bribe of fact and as declared by Kathy OBrien, Dove marketing director for U.S, the company wanted to change the way society views beauty and wake discussion and debate about real beauty. This aim was reflected in the Doves relegating statement, elaborated for the campaign, and it was enhanced with a relevant aspect the expected repayment for the company, which was keenly expressed. The statement said Doves tutelage is to make more women feel beautiful every day by broadening the narrow definition of beauty and inspiring them to take great care of themselves.And here the real purpose of the whole initiative became clearer. With the declared aim to develop the common values for the Masterbrand and to overcome the beauty-related mismatch, emerged from the scientific research, Dove started the campaign. Then, i nducing the community to a proactive involvement and to debate on such meaning, the company began in a certain sense the democratization attend of the beauty. So, being recognized as the entity responsible of the birth of such a thorny process and as a provider of a clear and rule-breaker point of view, Dove started to be on everyones lips.It remarkably increase its popularity and most important, allowed it to captivate a huge number of potential clients those women to be helped in perceiving themselves beautiful every day by broadening the definition of beauty and to be inspired to take great care of themselves. Paraphrasing the meaning of the period to inspire to take great care of themselves, the commercial aim of Doves campaign for real beauty becomes apparent. What made the campaign effective?The combination of different elements made the design and the implementation of the campaign so successful. As a first element, the campaign has its root in the setting of a clear brands mission, shared on a global level. The structure of the organization introduced by the Path to Growth strategy, which split the responsibility for each brand between two groups, the Brand Development, centralized and global in scope, and Brand Building, decentralized according to the regions in which Unilever was regard and responsible to bring the brand to life in each marketplace, substantially helped in defining a global mission.Once developed, the brands mission worked as a benchmark for each initiative a cornerstone around which, the whole campaign moved and evolved. Furthermore, the settlement of a well-defined mission was polar to maintain the control over the campaign, once it had been shared with the community and on purpose exposed to its assessment, starting what I called the democratization process of the beauty concept. And exactly this process is the feature that I consider the sharpest and the most effective of the whole strategy.Indeed Dove, proposing and supportin g its unconventional point of view, with the aim to lift discussion and debate, really made people feel part of revolution and, at the same time, outstandingly got the company closer to its potential clients. In order to increase womens engagement, Dove, at a certain point of the campaign, directly asked them to film their own daughters discussing their self-esteem challenges and later on, to create their own ads for Dove cream Oil Body Wash and to participate at the contest the Real Ads by Real Women. It extremely helped in creating a strong social interconnection between Doves supporters and the company they were joint forces against stereotypes of beauty.Moreover, the involvement of the community, thought in a more general sense and which spontaneously commented and also criticized the campaign, was crucial to increasing Doves initiative range and for its goals fulfillment. This aspect was part of a further successful feature of the strategy, the so-called Media planning, whic h was revolutionary and tailored as well. Responsible of the strategy and the investments for the campaign diffusion, the Media planning unit, as said, relied on the engagement of the community and of Internet too and so, it centered the investments in creating and expanding the community of the real beauty seekers.It included the purchase of a Superbowl advertising space. Thanks to such investments and to Youtube, which played a key role in the divulgation of the ads, the phenomenon reached an extraordinary dimension and, as a consequence, the debate started to spread all over, acquiring more and more media hype, insomuch as 16 minutes of Today Show were dedicated to one of the campaign initiatives even Oprah devoted a full show to self-esteem, built around a Doves advertisement. Critics, discussions and parodies rose in sequence, did nothing but increased the relevance of the campaign and amplified its range, exactly as planned by Dove. These are the reasons that made the revoluti onary and unprecedented Doves campaign so successful and helpful for the company in becoming one of 10 brands with the greatest percentage gain in brand health and business value in the past three years and in its $1.2 billion of grow. ReferencesJohn Deighton, (Rev March 25, 2008), Dove Evolution of a brand, 9-508-047 Harvard Business school

Faith in the Things They Carried

Henry Dobbins wears his girlfriends pantyhose around his neck for protection and comfort. He is much to a greater extent confident when he equips the stockings, therefore they act as a talisman that shield him from the evils of war. Dobbins was invulnerable. Never wounded, never a scratch No cover at all, but he just slipped the pantyhose over his nose and breathed deep and let the magic do its work (O Brine 112). OBrien uses Dobbins as an example to essay the implementation of faith and hope. Through Dobbins and his close relationship with the pantyhose, It Is shown how mentality can affect reality.The stockings not only display the importance of faith and a compulsory attitude, but also a yearning for femininity, revealing the softer side of Dobbins. They express his longing for fare and home. With the stockings, Dobbins journeys through the war untouched and fearless. It turned us into a platoon of believers No sweat, he said. The magic doesnt go away (OBrien 112). The leggings give Dobbins a of the other platoon members. They began to make the soldiers rely on superstition rather than rationality because the twists of the jungle were unpredictable.Even after his girlfriend dumped him, Dobbins remained immaculately brave which means hat the power of the stockings did not eff from love or his memories, but Dobbins himself. A heroic warrior whose victories claim the country fundamental goodness and power (Gibson 510). He was able to dress hope more than anyone else in the platoon and because of that, Dobbins is singled bring out as a simple, yet comical individual who can take on the obstructions and terrors of war by simply remaining himself. Throughout the war Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, the platoon leader, cant resist reminiscing about his hungering love for Martha.His anticipation for returning home after the war only grows heavier as his thoughts overrun his mind. This uncontrollability leads to lilac-coloreds death on which Cross cant ever forgive himself for letting happen. Lavender was dead. You couldnt burn the blame (OBrien 22). His guilt and remorse builds up too point where he tries to rid his mind of the tragedy by burning his memories of Martha, changing nothing. This is native to understanding Cross character because no matter what harm keep downs his way, he ties it back to Martha.Several years after the war, Lieutenant Cross visits OBrien house ND tells him about how Martha gave him other photo at a college reunion. When OBrien tells Cross that he wants to write a story about Martha and Cross, Cross replies, Why not? Maybe shell read it and come begging. Theres always hope, right? (OBrien 28). In the war, Lieutenant Cross puts his faith in returning to Martha because it gives him something worth fighting for. He is completely broken when he finds out she doesnt love him, yet still loves her and wants to be with her.Likewise, OBrien teaches through Cross that many soldiers would have the high expectations f comi ng home after war to find their dreams come true, clearly that is not always the case. Even though Cross isnt fully satisfied, he still believes that there is a possibility that Martha will come back to him after OBrien writes a story of him as brave, handsome and heroic. Muff need to persist, to listen, and to give them something to hold on to, something that gives them a sense of possibility (Kowtowing 206). Both Martha and OBrien twirl Cross something to look forward to, a reason to keep his hopes up and remain positive.

“Nineteen Eighty-Four” by George Orwell Essay

Nineteen Eighty-Four is George Orwells unswervingly grim vision of a dystopian future. The reservoir always intended it as more(prenominal) warning than prophecy, so that even though its title date has passed, its lessons nigh the dangers of conformity, mental coercion, and verbal deception maintain their validity and relevance. The novel depicts a world divided into three totalitarian superpowers that are constantly at war with unmatchable another Oceania, dominated by the former United States Eurasia, dominated by Western Europe and Eastasia, dominated by China and Japan.Since the novel belongs to the genre of the dystopia, a negative Utopia, much of its subject area is necessarily involved in describing Oceanian societynot only in the features of its everyday life, much of which reflects British life in 1948 (a year whose inverted numbers racket may have suggested the novels title), but also in detailed explanations of the historical origins of Ingsoc and Oceania, as well as its official language, Newspeak. DiscussionA key ingredient in this chilling documentation of eroding human freedom is its depiction of a corrupted language, Newspeak, Orwells brilliant rendering of that dissolute language of politicians and sophists which hides rather then reveals truth. (Orwell, 19) Orwell, rather clumsily in the view of some critics, gives much of this information in the form of a book-within-a-book, the supposed handbook of the revolutionaries, and an appendix to the novel itself about Newspeak.The purpose of Newspeak was to drastically reduce the number of words in the position language in order to eliminate ideas that were deemed stern and, most importantly, seditious to the totalitarian dictator, Big Brother and the Party. Thought crime, the mere act of thinking about ideas like Freedom or Revolution, was punishable by torture and brainwashing. Newspeak was the sinister answer. A character in 1984 describes it succinctly Do not you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of musical theme?In the end, we shall make thought crime literally impossible because there will be no words in which to express it. The whole climate of thought will be different. In fact, there will be no thought as we understand it now. Is our real world today, at the beginning of the unfermented millennium, so very different on a fundamental level from what Orwell predicted? There have been countless refutations of the 1984 dystopia Totalitarianism is on the wane, Communism is dead, there is more prosperity, more community, more freedom than ever before.(Orwell, 37) Arguably, on a geo-political level, the global information economy has promoted the causes of peace and freedom, preventing potentially worsened atrocities and repression in hotspots such as China and the Balkans. The bottom line is you have no freedom, no power, you feel no need or desire for freedom or power, and, whats worse you do not even know that you do not have it. Anal ysisCritics of every aspect along the political spectrum, no matter what their views about the validity of Orwells social analysis in Nineteen Eighty-Four, agree on one thing Considered politically and historically, Nineteen Eighty-Four is one of the most important books of the twentieth century. The bleakness of its vision of a totalitarian society became a profound warning, and Orwells accuracy was attested by dissidents in Eastern Europe and Russia both before and after the dissolution of the Soviet empire Orwell, said a Russian philosopher, understood the soul, or soullessness of Soviet life.not only did the words Newspeak and doublethink enter the English language but Russians refer to the Novoyaz of Communist Party language. (Orwell, 67) Some critics have pointed out that another layer of core exists within the novel. They connect Orwells dissection of Oceanian society to his portrayal of his depressing and unhappy preparatory school days, which he discussed in his essay Such , Such Were the Joys (1952).Young English boys were removed from the warmth and security of their families, mini-societies governed by love and respect, and hurled into a world dominated by fear, repression, and an all-pervading sense of guilt. There, Orwell was imprisoned not only in a hostile world but in a world of good and evil where the rules were such that it was actually not possible for me to keep them. In such a society, rebellion or even dissent becomes almost impossible, and even personal relationships are viewed with hostility and suspicion by the ruling class, that is, the masters and proprietors of the school.(Orwell, 81) cobblers last As a true anti-utopian novel, one in which the horrors of totalitarianism are amply illustrated, Nineteen Eighty-Four serves as a poignant reminder of the dearness of free thought and an open society and whatever the author has predicted in this novel has one way or the other turned out to be true.Works Cited Orwell, George (1949). Ni neteen Eighty-Four. New York Harcourt, Brace & Co. pg 15-129.

Great expectation Novel vs Film

In 2012, Mike Newell created a film replicating unrivaled of Charles Dickenss famous myths Great Expectations. twain novel and film both are particularize in Kent, England and recount us through the life of a young commoner named run into. Pip lastly moves to London and has wealth bestowed upon him by an anonymous benefactor. With the money he receives, Pip is able to become a gentleman.The film was not an effective representation of the novel because the omission of certain characters, the haracters are presented differently than they are In the book and the story Is told through dialogue instead of narration. Due to the film being so fast and compressed, some of the Characters are left out. For example, the character that was missing In the film was a menacing, broad-shouldered, loose-limbed (15. 35) cruel man named Orllck. Dickens uses these types of characters In his novel to set a cruel nature and to give an unpleasant feeling of threat.The omission of Orllck Is significan t because it does not allow the audience to see PIPs final repentance. This is important because it is when stumble realizes his guilt and disloyalty towards his raged ones, Joe and Biddy. Another instance is when Orlick is interested in Biddy, as a result she becomes frightened, and this leads to his hatred and disgust towards Pip. Orlick began to bully Pip. Without Orlick, viewers are unavailing to see the characteristics of his cruelty, and the unpleasant feeling, atmosphere that he gives towards people and the protagonist.Another difference between the novel and the film was that some characters are represented differently. Dickens portrays Estella as a cold hearted, unloving and one whose goal is to break others mens hearts in the novel. She shows no feelings of love towards men and especially not towards Pip. In the film, Holliday Grainger, the one who played Estella poorly presented Estella. For example, when Pip comes back to see Estella and Miss. Havisham, She speaks to him with care and love, showing her feelings and affections towards Pip.Another character that was poorly presented in the film was Wemmick. In the novel, Dickens howed his dual constitution between his Office and Walworth personality. Although his Walworth personality was shown in the film, his office personality was not. At the offce, he seems to have his loving and kind personality towards others and especially to Pip. These changes make the viewers view Estella and Wemmlcka completely dfferent way, not the way that Charles Dickenss intended. In the film of Great Expectations, there was no narration.Dickens wrote the novel from the point of view of the protagonist Pip. Throughout the novel, Pip usually spends most of his time expressing his feelings and thoughts through narration. In fact, Newell did not portray fully the details of PIPs love for Estella. In the novel, through the narrations, Pip expresses his feelings and love for Estella and his love for her was the reason why he wanted to become a gentleman, wanting to Impress her. In the film, It seems that Pip alone lust over Estella and makes It seems that he Is only attracted to her because of her appearance.Jeremy Irvine, the actor of PIP uses dialogue and ctions to portray Pips feelings and emotions. Although the dialogue and actions help the audience know about Pips character, viewers are unable to identify the true identical in comparison to Dickens novel. However the omission of certain characters, the way characters are presented, and the narration make the film different enough to illicit a different response from the viewer as opposed to the reader. This difference in response indicates that the film is not an adequate representation of the novel.

Science Limitations

Science is a great way to learn and understand how our foundation works. Once we learn acquisition, were opened many new doors and foot even learn how to manipulate our very own universe. Throughout the course of human events, science has helped mankind overcome a wide range of issues. However, science is a double-edged sword and has besides brought many new issues.It is important to place limitations on science and research in order to prevent or abate anything that can go wrong during the ursuit of knowledge. The pursuit of knowledge can often machination one of potential problems that can arise during or after an experiment. l collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a waiver of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet. (Shelly 285) In Frankenstein, we can see that Victor becomes very elated to what he might infuse to his creation.However, he does not consider what might potentially go horribly wrong during this process. He doesnt think anyt hing can fail because the power to create something has shrouded his Judgment. It is for this very said(prenominal) reason why we have many energy and environment crises in our world today. Many scientists wish to help a company, themselves, or humanity and argon engulfed by the end result that they become ignorant to any possible unwanted byproducts or results. Jeremy Rifkin also elaborates on the ignorance caused by the pursuit of knowledge in Biotech Century. Fears over the possibility of transgenic divisors Jumping to wild weedy relatives heightened in 1996 when a Danish research team observed the transfer of such a gene something critics of deliberate-release experiments have arned of for years and biotech companies have dismissed as a remote or nonexistent possibility. (Rifkin 31 5) Rifkin explains that the transfer of genes from altered crops to weedy relatives could create A-one weeds that are resilient to herbicide, pests, and viruses. These super weeds would cause far mers to spray even more herbicide on them.Naturally, this would affect our food supplies because we would be nebuliser so many harmful chemicals to the soil and to the food that eventually ends up at our dinner table. The companies and scientists seeking either onetary gain or any socio-economic class of knowledge, deny any possibility of any deviations from their plans. Seeking to create plants that are resilient is a noble cause however, ignoring the proven fact that it can also destroy the environment through the unintentional genesis of super weeds is another example of shrouded Judgment.The examples on ignorance, instigated by the pursuit of happiness, which Shelly and Rifkin elaborate upon, are conk reasons why there should be limitations imposed on scientists. Shelly also demonstrates how scientists meddle with nature and attempt to usurp natures role. l pursued nature to her hiding-places. (Shelly 286) Victor was haunt with the idea of having the power to create life. l istening attentively, berserk corpse to which I had so miserably given life. (Shelly 289) Up until then, Victor was drunk with the idea that he was going to create the perfect specimen and the next evolution of man.Once Frankenstein was born, Victor was horrified that his plan to usurp nature had backfired. He realized Frankenstein was a demoniacal corpse and not human. This wasnt a simple experiment where you could redo an experiment many times for a favorable result. Victor had created a monstrous life story creature. He had introduced the living creature to an exotic environment, physically superior to others, intimidating in appearance, and predestined to be persecuted in a world where he had no idea why he was there.Rifkin also gives insight to the topic of scientists endeavor to usurp natures role. In Just the past 18 months, genetically engineered corn, soy and cotton fiber have been planted over millions of acres of U. S. farmland. Genetically engineered insects, fish an d domesticated animals have also been introduced (Rifkin 313) Companies are ntroducing thousands of new living specimens into real environments without a atomic number 53 thought of the real problems that could come out of these actions.Just like Victor, theyre caught up in the moment of having the power to create new life that has never even existed in nature prior to scientific advancements that allowed it. Consequentially, these new genetically engineered specimens can have disastrous effects on exotic environments that arent used to having them. Theyre the modern Frankensteins. Rifkin appeals to the readers ethos by adage that, similar to Frankenstein, these enetically engineered creations are the works of man and are potential threats to any ecosystem they enter. Genetically engineered products also reproduce. They grow and they migrate. (Rifkin 313) This means that the genetically engineered products of a lab can freely migrate themselves to any part of the world they can t olerate.Everyone is aware of the destruction brought by introducing exotic animals/ plants to ecosystems that are in harmony. Scientists are playing bionomic roulette when they release these engineered creations because even if they were to admit or ind out that their creations had devastating effects, they would be unable recall genetically engineered organisms back to the laboratory, especially those organisms that are microscopic in nature. (Rifkin 313) Rifkin and Shelly both make outstanding arguments on why there should be limitations on science where scientists dare not tread for the sake of order. They total that the power to create life instills an ignorance that also gives birth to new sets of potential problems. Science will always be present in society because it holds a lot of prominence. Science is how we understand our universe and it allows us to hape it as well.Science has helped mankind out of the caves, increased the average life span, and also let us go to plac es where man could only dream of. Of course, like anything in this world, science will require a cost to advance. The cost can be in the orchestrate of problems that were nonexistent in nature before that sometimes do not outweigh the benefits. These same problems will also challenge our own humanity as well and our future on this planet. For these reasons, Rifkin, Shelly, and I believe that whilst science is a powerful force for the advancement of the human Is planet.

Work Of Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe Architecture Essay

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( 1886-1969 ) , a German-born designer is widely regarded as one of the pioneering Masterss of Modern architecture, accountable for set uping and popularising a new architectural manner in the U.S. Mies left Germany in 1938 to head the Armour make for, which subsequently became the Illinois Institute of Technology. His design of the M ain Campus and of former(a) of import edifices, such as the flat towers at 860 and 880 North Lake Shore Drive in Chicago and the Seagram Building in New York, helped put a new aesthetic criterion for upstart architecture. ( Blake, 1960 ) .Mies created an animating twentieth century architectural manner, stated with uplifted lucidity and simple mindedness. He carried the ideals of rationalism and minimal cunning to new degrees. His process in US make usage of modern stuffs such as sword and glass to specify privileged infinites. ( Kostof, 1995 ) . He c all in alled his edifices peel off and castanetss architecture. H e wanted to accomplish an architecture with a minimum model of structural order balanced against the implied freedom of free fluxing infinite. Mies Buildings in US branch out the assurance, reason and elegance of their Godhead, free of ornamentation surplus. ( Blake, 1960 ) His doctrine that less is more became a guideline for designers in the twentieth century. ( SearchQuotes )With the constitution of a new campus for the Illinois Institute of Technology ( IIT ) , Mies van der Rohe had the chance to be after the campus every bit good as several other of edifice. The Minerals and argentiferous elements edifice ( 1942- 1943 ) was Mies very jump building on the campus. This edifice marked the first measure toward the realisation of Mies maestro program for the IIT campus which was one of his most celebrated plants in America. This undertaking is non something made by the God of wind hall stated by Kevin Harrington but instead Mies urges us to understand the edifice as port ion of the development of his ain architectural language.This is where we foremost see his passage from signifiers that has been beloved to his bosom , seen in his work in Europe, to new signifiers that were possible, necessary and important . It is in the Minerals and Metallic elements edifice we foremost see Mies usage of involute -steel- I beam as portion of his structural grammar. Mies unconventional usage of steel was a map to the interior of the edifice, and it inaugurated a technique he used once more in his undertakings in America. Giedion,1982 ) .Crown Hall ( 1950-1956 ) . This edifice situated on the IIT campus is a modern chef-doeuvre. The National Historic cutmark described Crown hall as A consecutive forward look of building and materiality, which allows the construction to transcent into art . Crown hall is an tremendous room, 120 ten 220 ft. in program, 18 ft. high without interior columns, used for the architectural school. The edifice is raised several pess above the land to let visible radiation for the below grade school of Design. The most interesting point is the structural solution of open structural beams above the roof, doing skillful the method of accomplishing the clear-span inside. The immense graduated table of the edifice and the column-free unfastened program of the chief floor of Crown hall demonstrates Mies advanced construct of making cosmopolite infinite. Mies van der Rohe ended his relationship with the school in 1958. ( Blake,1960 )Exterior, entry facadeOpen program of Crown hall, making cosmopolitan infinite.Switching off from Mies work on IIT campus, another of his well celebrated work is Farnsworth House ( 1946-1951 ) .A little weekend retreat outside Chicago. The Farnsworth dramatic art is one of the most radically minimalist houses of all meter designed. It s interior, a individual room, subdivided by dividers and wholly enclosed in glass. The mutism speaks to us through the gentle and contlingent scene o f the house on its order Hartoonian ( 1984, pp.48 ) .The edifice is held together by merely eight steel columns. Mies van de Rohe was able to recognize spacial and structural thoughts. For illustration the I beams are both structural and expressive. The usage of glass negates the dialectics of enclosure and openness Hartoonian ( 1984, pp.48 ) . Farnsworth House which may look as an iconic glass box to be viewed from afar is instead a infinite through which life unfolds both independently and interdependently with nature. ( Blake, 1960 ) .Sketch of Mies Farnsworth s House.Floor program of Farnsworth House.The Seagram Building on position Avenue was Mie s first effort at tall office edifice construction.Mies creates a arresting memorial to the International Styles religion in simpleness and lucidity. The 38-story tower rapidly began the state s most influential and copied office edifice, an instant classic. The edifice s outside faces are given their character by the quality of the stuffs used the tinted glass and the bronzy I-beams applied all the manner up the edifice. In the image below you can see the edifice is pulled fend for from street line to let the edifice to besiege the reverse commissariats of the metropolis codification every bit good as make its ain external respiration infinite ( Kostof,1995 ) The Seagram Building is the first bronze-coloured skyscraper. The metal bronze tegument that is seen in the frontage is non-structural but is used to show the thought of the structural number that is underneath. Extra perpendicular elements were besides welded to the window panels, non merely to stiffen the tegument for installing and air current burden, but to aesthetically farther heighten the perpendicular articulation of the edifice. ( Blake,1960 ) .Exterior position from the northwest Structural program of one corner, demoing the chief. wharf and projecting I- beams.860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago is another of Mies high ri se edifice where he implied the same manner of modern architecture carried in his undertakings in the US. The 26-story towers surrounding Lake Michigan give a beautiful waterfront position. The ground for this creative activity involved his construct that architecture should be independent of the site. The edifices are renowned for their structural lucidity and composing on the site. The same ballpark stuffs are used in this undertaking steel, aluminum and glass. The most impressive characteristic of the edifice is the tegument and bone look of the steel and glass towers.The steel I-beams effortlessly define the construction while the glass suspends and encloses infinite. It is obvious that he relies on lucidity of signifier achieved through elegant proportions. Prior to this point, construction was unfathomable within architecture, but here we see a change.Mies merged the two by exposing the steel, recognizing his ain words When engineering reaches it true fulfillment, it trans cends into architecture This is non merely seen in this undertaking but many of his other undertakings in the US. ( Blase,1999 )Two flat edifices at cross axis towards one another on the triangular site presenting position of environing country.Another of Mies really dramatic undertakings is Federal Center.Here one time once more we see the minimalist glass and steel design which is really simple yet really dramatic. Harmonizing to the AIA usher of Chicago Mies s sturdy devotedness to principle, together with his vaunted sensitiveness to proportion and structural item, and, in this instance, the organisational graduated table, commingle to give the composite a monumental urban presence. Both towers are curtain-wall constructions, feature of the high-rise design of Mies s American period. Their steel frames, suppressed commode unvarying walls of glass and steel, are marked off by projecting steel I-beam mullions. The Post Office, a unitary infinite with a cardinal nucleus, is to a fault typical of Mies s reductivist construct of the single-storey marquee. Externally thin yet powerful structural columns of steel brace tremendous window glasss of tinted glass. The come out of the closet at the national centre is cold, uninviting which minimum seating and with this the one narrative station office, everything feels really useful. But this does non intend Mies lacked an oculus for detail.His oculus for inside informations is seen through all glass design, which was really calculated every bit good as the granite tiles of place to the granite walls in the anteroom. Black I-beams expression really industrial running up the side of the edifice and are wholly cosmetic. The Alexander Caldwell s flamingo construction in the centre is marked contrast to the field edifice behind it. ( Blaser,2004 )The place of the Mies new wave der rohe designed Federal centre in Chicago, The Klucynski builidng is to the left, one narrative station office to the right and Alezander Caldwells flamingo construction in the centre.Mies van der Rohe without a uncertainty created an influential twentieth century architectural manner in the US, stated with high lucidity and simplicity.He helped specify modern architecture in the US by stressing unfastened infinite, uncovering the industrial stuffs used and reinventing the signifier of edifices. He carried the ideals of rationalism and minimal art to new degrees. This is clearly apparent in Minerals and Metallic elements, Crown hall, Farnsworth house, Seagram edifice and the Federal Center.His usage of modern stuffs such as glass and steel can besides be seen in these edifices. Mie s Buildings in the US radiate the assurance, reason and elegance of their Godhead, free of extra ornamentation. He follows his doctrine that less is more and this attack of Mies is pertinent as of all time in his undertakings. ( Blake,1960 ) .

Critically analyse how the Global Energy Assessment pathways represent future socio-technological change in the energy system, focussing on the building sector.

Abstract in that respect has been growing concern surrounding climate change over recent years and a great plenitude violence has been placed upon the slipway in which the environment bath be nurtureed. Accordingly, because of how important it is for organisations and individuals to adopt environmentally amicable practices, effective environmental controls argon vital. There is much debate as to the extent to which the world-wide postcode Assessment tracks represent approaching socio-technological change in the muscle system, thus far this study intends to find this aside by focussing on the construct field.IntroductionThe government has placed a great fill of emphasis upon climate change in recent years by exploring the different ways it give the axe be tackled (Department for International Development, 2011 13). The Department of aptitude and mode Change aims to make sure that the UK has secure, clean and affordable nil supplies (DEEC, 2014 1) and seeks to promote international action in rear to eliminate climate change. In 2012 the planetary Energy Assessment (GEA) was therefore launched and a new global null policy agenda was found (GEA Writing Team, 2012 4). The GEA intended to change the way society uses and delivers energy in order to mitigate climate change. In doing so, it brings together hundreds of international researchers to provide an analysis of the current issues that exist and to identify the possible options that can be seducen in tackling climate change. Technology options and policies are also included in the GEA and are considered vital in protecting the environment and maintaining sustainable development (GEA, 2014 1). As noted by unfledgeding, the escritoire of State for International Development The long-term cause of climate change threaten to undermine gain in reducing global poverty (Department for International Development, 2011 3). This is the main reason why the UK is committed to aid developing countries adapt to climate change in a positive way by ensuring that they engross up measly carbon growth and effectively tackle deforestation. This study get out therefore try some of the Global Energy Assessment pathways, by focusing on the building area, in order to consider the effectuate these will subscribe upon the energy system in the future.Socio-Technological Change in the Energy System In order for climate change to be tackled effectively, socio-technological changes are needed within the energy system. This can be ascertained by reviewing the different welkins which impact the environment and then considering what socio-technological changes are required. The building sector has a significant impact upon the environment because of the fact that it accounts for wiz-third of the planets total energy use (Global Alliance, 2012 1). Technological improvements to buildings are therefore a cost-effective way of mitigating climate change. By using existing proven techn ologies we lease the ability right to reduce energy consumption in new and existing buildings by 30-50 percent at extremely modest or no cost, and unremarkably at negative cost (Global Alliance, 2012 1). Increased building efficiency is therefore the future for the building sector because not only do gullibleer buildings help to promote sustainability but they are also expose for the consumer in that they are much than comfortable and cheaper to maintain (NAR, 2014 1). The pathways for transition that hold up been explored in the GEA therefore need to be followed if the building sector is to become more energy cost-efficient. This is important given that GHG discharges are expected to close double by the year 2030 under a high-growth development scenario (Metz et al 2007 6). The GEA supports sustainability in the building sector by helping decisions makers address the challenges associated with building development (CCCSEP, 2012 1).Energy Efficiency Barriers in the Buildi ng sphere The building sector can contribute to tackling climate change through socio-technological change in the energy system, heretofore there are many parapets towards improve efficiency in this sector. One of the main barriers that exists is a lack of technical, economic and general knowledge about the energy sector. Not only does this knowledge go apply to consumers but it also applies to building projecters, architects and politicians (Urge-Vorsatz, 2012 702). Because of this lack of knowledge, it is very difficult for many of the technologies and practices that exist in this area to be implemented. Furthermore, although energy efficient practices are considered cost effective, they are not beingness astray adopted due to the high sign start-up cost. The high upfront costs are thus discouraging, specially when there is a lack of knowledge that exists in this area and un slight greater awareness is provided, it is supposed(prenominal) that the GEA pathways will have much of an influence in the future. Market failures also provide barriers to energy efficiency because of the failures in the way the market operates (Urge-Vorsatz, 2012 702). Such flaws prevent the trade-off between energy efficiency sitments and energy speech benefits. Behavioural barriers are also a problem for energy efficiency in the building sector as the behaviours of individuals and companies whitethorn be difficult to change. For model, individuals may fail to turn the joyouss off in their homes, whilst organisations may fail to identify energy miserliness opportunities, especially if they do not benefit precedely from them.An example of this can be seen in similarity to green leases since these are one of the main pathways to energy efficiency. Green leases thus impose obligations on landlords and tenants to achieve targets for energy consumption. This ensures that the energy use of commercialized buildings is minimised through better measurement, greater awaren ess and systematic management (All Party Urban Development Group, 2008 2). There are a chip of different green lease shades which represent different commitments to the green agenda light green leases represent a modest commitment to the agenda, whilst dark green leases reflect a much more serious commitment (Bright, 2008 158). Regardless of the benefits green leases have on the environment, however, they are not being used as much as they should. This is largely the result of the conventional relationship between the landlord (as building owner) and tenant (as occupier) which generally neglects environmental considerations (Hinnells et al 2008, 1). The extent to which green leases represent future socio-technological change in the energy system is therefore unclear and it seems that further changes are required if a more healthy system is to be implemented. Green leases should be used more frequently than they are at present, yet it is questionable whether this is likely to happe n given that change may be rapid, disruptive and challenging (Hinnells et al 2008 1).Bright believes that uppercase investment will endure for more efficient equipment to be introduced that will allow for better energy savings to be made (Bright, 2008 158). This will encourage landlords and tenants to enter into a green lease if they can identify the real benefits that are associated with them. Consequently, it is evident when looking at green leases that one of the main barriers towards improved energy efficiency is the lack of awareness that exists. In order to remove this barrier to energy efficiency, campaigns and sector learning networks could be introduced in order to increase the current awareness of GEAs ( light speed Trust, 2005 16). Furthermore, actions could also be taken that raise the attention of building owners such as tax incentives and low interest loans (Rezendes, 1994 41). This will allow greater access to energy efficient equipment and will encourage individual s to take advantage of the opportunities that are available. Another barrier towards energy efficiency in the building sector is performance costs and the limited availability of capital. Because building owners do not generally have spare capital available to make their buildings more energy efficient, they are less likely to take the GEA pathways into consideration (Ecofys, 2012 3). Furthermore, as has been pointed out financial barriers to the penetration of energy efficiency and building integrated distributed generated technologies include factors that increase the investments costs and/or decrease savings resulting from the improvement (Urge-Vorsatz, 2012 698).Arguably, building owners are unlikely to make energy efficient changes if they are not also cost-effective despite the fact that the equipment is more efficient. This could also be find through tax incentives and low interest loans, yet economic instruments could also be introduced that reduce the overall costs of th e equipment. Energy prices could also be increased so that going green would be more of an incentive than it is at present. This is because, unless there are significant cost benefits of becoming more energy efficient, it is unlikely that individuals will be actively encouraged to do so. Market misalignment is another barrier that prevents the consistent trade-off between specific energy-efficient investment and the societal energy-saving benefits (The Carbon Trust, 2005 16). An example of this can be seen in relation to tenant-landlord relationships where companies have no direct control over the premises and so are reluctant to invest in energy efficiency. This barrier could be overcome through the provision of split-incentives. This would encourage landlords to become more energy efficient if they were being incentivised to do so. If the GEA pathways are implemented, the environment will benefit significantly from this and the passivhaus stock(a) will be applied in the building sector. This standard is the robust approach to building design which seeks to minimise the heating demand of buildings by building houses that have exceptional thermal performance (Passivhaus, 2011 1). Unless it is less costly for builders to employ the passivhaus standard, there will be no incentive for them to do so as they will not benefit from the reduced energy savings.GEA Pathways for the Energy Efficiency TransitionBecause of how important it is to protect the environment, it is necessary that the multiple preys outlined in the GEA are being met through environmental control. The main objective of the GEA pathways is to understand the combination of measures, time scales and costs that are needed to transform the energy system. In understanding this, however, it is necessary to rootage identify the energy efficiency barriers that exist so that appropriate measures can be implemented to alleviate them. Reducing thermal energy use is achievable through a number of different pathways such as best practice in building design, construction and operation the evacuation of energy poverty the increase of living space and economic development ((Urge-Vorsatz, 2012 703). Before these pathways can be incorporated, it will be necessary to for significant investments to be made as well as the entrance of new appliances and technology and discounted energy saving costs. Because this will require high start-up costs, increased knowledge of the GEA pathway benefits will be needed so that individuals and organisations will be incentivised to adopt such pathways. Hence, many approaches have already been implemented to manage pollution-generating processes (Stuart, 2006 1), yet it cannot be said that the obligations placed upon individuals under the Environmental rampart Act 1990 and the EUs Council Directive 96/61/EC to control the environment are being realised (McEldowney and McEldowney, 2010 48). This is likely to be the result of market failures and behavioura l barriers since individuals and organisations may not be able to identify when an energy saving opportunity arises. Nevertheless, since the Climate Change Act 2008 was first enacted unlike mitigation and adaption strategies have been introduced, such as the Governments Green Deal. The objective of this deal was to limit greenhouse gas emissions so that the increase of global temperature could be decreased. The Green Deal has been considered a welcoming development because of the fact that it has enabled the energy efficiency of many households and businesses to be improve without consuming so much energy and wasting so much money (DEEC, 2010 1). This is beneficial for consumers and is likely to reduce the initial startup costs. The Green Deal is also effective in increasing the awareness of energy saving benefits, which is likely to remove any subsisting behavioral barriers.Conversely, it has been argued that the implementation of the GEA pathways may actually melt down to furth er energy use, through the so-called rebound effect (Gillingham et al, 2013 474). Although the GEA have identified the possible re-bound effect the implementation of their pathways may have, it seems as though little consideration has been given to this (GEA, 2012 1573). Accordingly, it cannot be said that the barriers to energy efficiency have been given much thought and unless the behaviour of individuals and organisations change, it is unlikely that the GEA pathways will have much of an impact in the future. There are both direct and indirect rebound effects that are likely to occur. The direct rebound effect happens when people consume more energy as a result of the low costs, and the indirect rebound effect happens when people use savings from lower energy costs to spend on other energy intensive activities (Sorrell, 2010 636). In view of this, is thereby essential that rebound effects are taken into consideration when evaluating how beneficial energy efficiency really is. As noted by Giillingham et al however Empirical evidence indicates that the direct rebound effect will dominate in the near term at around 10-30 per cent (2013 476). Regardless of this, it was also pointed out that rebound effects are not necessarily bad since the overall well-being of society will be improved as a result. Therefore, even if the re-bound effect does not lead to a significant reduction in energy use, societal well-being will be improved. It is unclear whether the target of 80 per cent emission reductions by 2050 will be achieved since there are a number of different changes that need to be implemented in order for the barriers to energy efficiency to be overcome (Bell and McGillivray, 2008 531). In effect, whilst many implementations have been made towards establishing a sustainable future in the energy sector, the extent to which these have proven fortunate remains largely unclear. If the barriers to energy efficiency are removed and the GEA pathways are followed, the re is a hypothesis that the emission reductions will be reduced by 2050, yet it remains to be seen whether this will be by 80 per cent. This is because as put by Riahi et al although the GEA pathways have shown that such a teddy is possible, the task remains and ambitious and will require rapid introduction of policies and fundamental policy changes that lead to coordinated efforts to integrate global concerns (2012 1300). Consequently, the barriers to energy efficiency will need to be overcome beforehand the GEA pathways can be implemented, yet this is likely to prove extremely complex. Increased awareness would be the first step as this will lead to behavioural changes that will ensure the GEA pathways are being adopted. outcome Overall, whilst there are a number of different GEA pathways that are intended to make effective socio-technological changes in the energy system, the extent to which these will prove successful remains unclear. This is because, whilst many of the pathw ays are considered effective ways of creating an environmentally friendly energy system, it cannot be said that the current mechanisms are being employed by all. This is evidenced by the introduction of green leases, which are aimed at establishing energy efficient ways of occupying commercial property. Whilst these leases do seem rather beneficial to both landlords and tenants, their place in the market has not yet been established. The lack of incentives may be one reason for this, which signifies how further benefits ought to be made available. In addition, the future of the mitigation and adaption strategies that have been implemented into the building sector is also unclear because of the fact organisations do not always co-operate in the implementation of such strategies. The re-bound effect is also not being given abundant consideration and thus needs to be taken into account when analysing the GEA pathways. Consequently, in order to maintain sustainable development and mini mise climate change, it is vital that the GEA pathways are being promoted a lot more so that the impact the building sector has on the environment can be minimised, yet in doing so the re-bound effect should be taken into account in order to ensure that a more existent approach is undertakenReferences All Party Urban Development Group., (2008). Greening UK Cities Buildings Improving the Energy Efficiency of Our Offices, Shops and Factories. A Report Delivered by the Officers, (2008), 20 sue 2014.Bell, S. and McGillivray, D. (2008). Environmental Law, 7th edn Oxford University Press.Bright, S., (2008). Going Green. 158 New Law diary 1135, come out of the closet 7333.CCCSEP. (2012) Global Energy Assessment Energy-Efficient Building Modelling Scenarios Centre for Climate Change and sustainable Energy policy, Centre European University, 29 frame in 2014.DEEC. (2010). What is the Green Deal? (2010) The Department for Energy & Climate Energy, Accessed 20 environ 2014.Department for International Development. (2011) Tackling Climate Change, Reducing Poverty, UK International Climate Fund, Accessed 19 blemish, 2014.Dowden, M., (2008). dimension/Landlord & Tenant Contentious Carbon158 New Law Journal 1707, Issue 7348.Ecofys. (2012) The Benefits of Energy Efficiency why Wait? Sustainable Energy for Everyone, Accessed 30 March 2014.Gillingham, K. Kotchen, M. J. Rapson, D. S. and Wagner, G. (2013) The bait Effect and Energy Efficiency Policy Yale University School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Online Available http//www.yale.edu/gillingham/ReboundEffectLongForm.pdf 03 April, 2014.Global Alliance. (2012) Why Buildings, Global L-eadership in our Built Environment, Accessed 20 March 2014.Global Energy Assessment (GEA) Writing Team. (2012) Global Energy Assessment, Towards a Sustainable Future, New York Cambridge University press.Global Energy Assessment (GEA). (2014) Global Energy Assessment International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Acces sed 19 March 2014.Hinnells, M., Bright, S., Langley, A., Woodford, L., Schiellerup, P., and Bosteels, T., (2008).McEldowney, J. and McEldowney, S. (2010) Environmental Law, 1st edition Longman.NAR. (2014) What is Green Building National Association of Realtors, Accessed 14 March 2014.Passivhaus. (2011) The Passivhaus regular Online Available http//www.passivhaus.org.uk/standard.jsp?id=122 03 April 2014.Rezendes, V, S. (1994) Geothermal Energy, DIANE Publishing.Riahi, K., et al (2012) Global Energy Assessment, Chapter 17, Online Available http//www.iiasa.ac.at/web/home/research/Flagship-Projects/Global-Energy-Assessment/GEA_Chapter17_pathways_lowres.pdf 03 April 2014.Sorrell, S. J. (2010) Dimitropoulus, The Rebound Effect Microeconomic Definitions, Limitations and Extensions Ecological Economics, 65(3) 636-649.Stuart, R. (2006) Command and Control Regulation, The Encyclopaedia of Earth, Accessed 20 March 2014.The Carbon Trust. (2005) The UK Climate Change Programme Potential Evolu tion for business sector and the Public Sector Making Business Sense of Climate Change, Accessed 29 March 2014.The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DEEC). (2014) What we do, Gov.uk, Accessed 20 March 2014.The Greening of Commercial Leases. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 20 March 2014.James, R., (2010). Not Easy Being Green. Property Law Journal 22, 20 March 2014.King, V., (2009). Is My Lease Green32 Companys Secretary Review 24, Issue 24.LRCI., (2009). Guidance Green Commercial Leases. Low Carbon Research Institute Convergence Programme, 20 March 2014.Urge-Vorsatz, D. (2012) Energy End Use Buildings Accessed 29 March 2014.

The Importance of Organ Donating

Speaking from my confess experience, it is not easy to make a decision to donate a loved ones electric pipe organs, however, my sisters and I knew that our mother precious to be an anatomical reference donor. She had filled out an advance directive stating that upon her passing, she wanted to donate any viable organs for transplant purposes. We donated her eyes, and instantly someone out in this wondrous world we live in has her eyes. This person advise now see the beauty around them, mayhap even their grandchildren for the first time.We made the decision to give this wonderful authorise of renewed life and we couple that this was the right thing to do. We ar thankful everyday that someone has our mothers eyes and now has the gift of sight. in that respect is one important fact that every person in this world toilette agree on At some point in our lives, we be all going to salute the reality of death. Death is imminent to everyone, and the prospect of death is generally v ery tragic for most people. It is the unbekn testifyst(predicate) that send word instill the fear of dying in a person or a family. tragical accidents and terminal diseases are often the source of many deaths, and invariably in those instances we are unable to harbor the inevitable outcome, which is death. However, in the course of life and death, we have the superpower to control certain situations. We have the ability to control the outcome of someone elses life. This person may be a stranger or a family member, but we can give them a very precious gift. We have a choice. We can offer the greatest gift we can give, the gift of life to another person through organ donation. Life is spared for many people through organ donation.pipe organ donation is truly a gift that saves hundreds of lives each day. However, even greater than the number of lives saved is the number of deaths that occur each day as people on an organ transplant waiting list continue to wait. Organ donation and transplants moldiness compel a reality and readily available to all people in need of transplants. accord to the Mayo Clinic, in ancient mythology and the bible, heart transplants are referenced a number of times. Additionally, at the origination of the 20th century Alex Carrel became a pioneer in making organ transplants a lifelike possibility.Estimates reveal that in New York City alone, there are maybe three-hundred fifty people who are organ donors, however, there are at least 7,000 people in this city who are shortly awaiting organ transplants. atomic number 53 single organ donor has the ability to save up to eight lives by donating their heart, lungs, liver, kidney, pancreas, and intestines. There are no restrictions on who can become an anatomical donor. (NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases) harmonise to the information found on the web site organdonation. om, family consent is required for organ donation. Requesting people to become anatomical donors is never easy, especial ly when they are faced with the loss of a loved one, or their own imminent demise. First, consider the wishes of a loved one. Secondly, remember you are giving the gift of life to someone. Organ transplanting and organ donating can and has saved many lives. Dr. Dan Fischer writes in his article titled, The Gift of Organ gift how becoming an anatomical donor go out bestow the distinction of giving a lifesaving gift to a person who needs a healthy organ.This is an opportunity for everyone to give the gift of life to another gentle being during our lives or after we have passed. I agree with Dr. Fischer that we desperately need organ donors in this country, and everyone should consider themselves a potential donor. (Fischer) Statistics on organ donors . html show that easily over tens of thousands of people are on waiting lists each year for transplants. Approximately 10-20% of these people will die before they can receive a viable organ that is a match for them.There are many fact ors to consider when looking at current problems associated with the lack of organ donation and transplants. One of great importance is demographics. Many people in the Eastern portion of the United States do not believe in organ donation for a variety of reasons. For some it is cultural, for others it is religion. Many people are just not comfortable with donating their organs or a loved ones organs after they have passed on. One possibility may be just the fact that being an organ donor has never been brought to their attention.One way to become an organ donor is to request to be an anatomical donor on your drivers license or convey issued identification. This will show as a restriction and alert medical personnel as to your request. People can also state in their advance directives that they wish to be organ donors. When someone who has died, and has previously given permission for their organs to be donated to another human being, they are giving a gift so precious it cannot be measured by dollars, only by love. For people who cannot survive without a transplant, a donated organ can give them back their lives.

Psychodynamic Personality Theories Essay

Contemporary society is intrigued with the notion of human behavior as it expresses itself in our nature. Psychoanalytic model is most noted for introspective strategies such as depth interviewing and projective techniques, which oblige emanated from its theoretical perspective. Classical psychoanalytic conceptualization approached the study of roughage or personality in two very different ways, each deriving from an early theoretical model of individual development. In the period of Freuds original drive theory, an attempt was made to understand personality on the basis of fixation. posterior with the development of ego psychology, character was conceived as expressing the operation of particular styles of defense. This second way of understanding character was not in conflict with the first it provided a different set of ideas and metaphors for comprehending what was meant by a figure of personality (Magnavita, 2002). The contemporary psychodynamic model of personality is ver y popular, particularly with clinical practitioners, and offers much that is useful for conceptualizing personality and personal disorders.The strength of this model seems to lie in the power of many of its fundamental constructs, such as the unconscious, defense system of ruless, and the relation among component personality structures. It is hard to imagine a psychology of personality without some(prenominal) reference to these and other constructs. The limitations of this model are many. Unfortunately, after years of perpetuating itself in a closed system, a crisis developed about the viability of this model.Another draw back is the tendency to eschew empirical research, which would have open up wider scientific acceptance. For many, the conceptualizations and esoteric language make it difficult to immerse oneself in what seems a dogmatic intellectualized system for those who hide behind language. In conclusion knowing where to approximately place an individual on the morpholo gic continuum is as much a clinical art as a science. Reference Magnavita, J. J. (2002). Theories of personality contemporary approaches to the science of personality. New York John Wiley and Sons.

Looking for Alibrandi by Melina Marchetta Josie Essay

In this novel (Looking for Alibrandi) Josephine Alibrandi is seen as an illegitimate 17-year-old girl who is self-centred, ignorant and sensitive active her bend sinister and her reputation and what people say ab aside her behind her back. She is also described as confused because she isnt sure where she stands in demeanor, whether she is an Australian or and Italian, and is paranoid in thinking because she is of Italian back launch she is evermore being victimised and society wouldnt see her for who she is as an individual instead as an Italian or an Australian.During her final year in High School, many events take place in her life that changed her attitudes towards both her self and others, those events ranged from the most life changing events ilk the discovering of Nonna Katias secret, the reunification of herself and her long bemused biological father and the tragic suicide of her scoop out friend bathroom Barton to the most least most-valuable events like the incident involving one of the beautiful people Carly Bishop.Firstly, the sudden and unexpected suicide of Josephines best friend John Barton turns her life around, The day John died was a nose-dive day and I hit the ground so hard that I feel as if every break up of me hurts. I remembered when we spoke about our emancipation. The horror is that he had to die to achieve his. The beauty is that Im living to achieve mine.John Barton was one of the closest people to Josephine and they shared many things in common, she later realises how lucky she is to have to subscribe her own path and destiny and that some people like John Barton had their life planned out by others for them and they had no freedom over their future.Although Josephine is portrayed as a confused teenager who doesnt who she really is and where she stands in society, her emancipation changes all that, even though her emancipation didnt happen like the way she expected it to Id wake up one morning and see the light. heart liber ated from everything. Maybe one particular incident would see me through it. Her emancipation began after she believed she was molest on what she did on St. Marthas day and she had put little kids in danger, as a dissolver of that she became more accepting in the fact that you are non eer right, and just because she wore a label saying she was school captain doesnt make her one, its whats inside her that makes her a leader.Furthermore, Josephines emancipation-in my opinion- was the main reason for her change in maturity and personality, because after she realises she is emancipated she begins to know who she really is and where she stands in life asks me what nationality I am, Ill look at them and say Im an Australian with Italian blood flowing rapidly through my veins. Ill say that with pride, because its pride that I feel. This proves that she is tall in being an Australian with an Italian heritage.Additionally, Josephine overcomes her nature in being paranoid when it comes to racism and multiculturalism, and how she is always being victimised by society because of her upbringing, her incident with Carly Bishop makes her realise that not everyone understands multiculturalism, Im not sure whether everyone in this country will ever understand multiculturalism and that saddens me, because its as much part of Australian life as football and meat-pies.Her relationship with Jacob Coote teaches her that not everyone has a problem with her been an Italian and that it is and a small minority of people who are racist, and she learns that its not because she is Italian that she and Jacob are separated.In conclusion, Josephine makes major changes in her life, which were somehow provoked by inevitable incidences, she learns to accept the fact that no way out what happens people wont stop whispering behind her back If I lived by the rules and never committed a sin, people would still talk. She learns what responsibilities really is about and learns to appreciate and cherish every morsel of her life and to not take life for granted.